Discuss the evidence, or lack of evidence, that exists to support the Essay

Discuss the evidence, or lack of evidence, that exists to support the use of adrenaline (epinephrine) in cardiac arrest in pre-hospital setting (ambulance work) - Essay Example patients outside of hospital had no substantially greater success or improved survival rates over medical technicians supplied with basic CPR skills and semi-automatic defibrillators (paraphrased from graphs. 1-3). In a related study (Heart, 1997), researchers found results consistent with a continued skepticism over the use of adrenaline. According to this article, "Some emergency medical staff were authorised to give standard doses of adrenaline during the observational period. Adrenaline was given to 35% of patients and was associated with a significantly greater rate of restoration of spontaneous circulation and hospital admission. However, there was no significant difference in hospital discharge rates between the two groups. Thus adrenaline and its dosage during cardiac arrest remain controversial" (412-414). It appears that when paramedics and other qualified emergency medical personnel give adrenaline to cardiac arrest patients in the field, it significantly improves the chance that the patient will live long enough to be admitted to the hospital, but it does not significantly improve the chance that patient will survive long enough to be discharged from the hospital. Adrenaline is good for buying the patient an extra few hours or an extra day filled with tests and possibly some invasive treatments. It may not be good for much more. It should be pointed out that these findings may be more germane to patients who are found in ventricular fibrillation, rather than asystole. According to a study carried out in Sweden and reported in Resuscitation (1995a) Jun;29(3):195-201., "A large proportion of cardiac arrests outside hospital are caused by ventricular fibrillation. Although it is frequently used, the exact role of treatment with adrenaline in these patients remains to be determined. AIM: "To describe the proportion of patients with witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest found in ventricular fibrillation who survived and were discharged from

Case Study Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Case Study Assessment - Essay Example 14). However, while this definition of leadership highlights the essence of leadership, it is only one of the numerous of definitions that have been proposed in the literature: the second edition of The Handbook of Leadership by Bass lists more than 130 definitions of this phenomenon and 13 major approaches (Bass, 1990, p. 12). Availability of such versatile data significantly facilitates analysis of problems related to leadership because in many cases the existing approaches and definitions are not mutually exclusive but rather complementary. The present report is an attempt to analyze a situation that provides valuable insights into the most essential aspects of leadership and is directly linked to effectiveness of managerial work. The story of Ted Willis who has been hired as the new supervisor suggests he is likely to face the classic type of leadership problem: the new leader vs. the old leader. One should not get misled by the fact that Ted is the new supervisor and the old supervisor has been fired. ... The so-called 'workers of influence' theory of leadership is particularly important to understand the distinction between managers and leaders. The key idea of this theory is that leadership may be exhibited by anyone in the organization in any type of position (Yukl 1989). According to this theory leaders may operate at different levels within the organization and within the same hierarchical level as their followers. Such perception of leadership conflicts the traditional theories which treat it as a set of attributes and behaviors exhibited by persons with legitimate power. Etzioni (1961) undertook the pioneering research effort to prove existence of leaders operating on the same hierarchical level with their followers. This type of leadership is labeled as 'informal' which means the leader does not possess official power over his followers, as opposed to formal leaders-managers that exert influence on subordinates by virtue of their higher hierarchical position. While the important role of informal leaders during organizational changes has been discussed in the literature, little is known about sources of their power and how traditional literature on leadership can be applied to them (Antonakis, Cianciolo, & Sternberg, 2004). Existence of such leaders demonstrates that sources of power for leaders and managers are not necessarily similar. In our case, this theory reasonably suggests that Ted's position does not automatically make him the leader - the most influential person within the group. Furthermore, the group already has an established long-time informal leader: that troublemaker who has managed to keep from getting fired because he is the only employee who knows the inventory

Arizona Prop 200 Essay Example for Free

Arizona Prop 200 Essay As with any other impositions of the law elevated to the national government, there will always be a certain degree of advantages and disadvantages. In a specific aspect, implementing the Arizona Prop 200 will definitely change the economic processes of the US financial system.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Arizona Prop 200 is an initiative which allows for a more strict process of requiring citizens to generate proofs of legitimacy of their citizenship. This equates to the right to vote and to acquire public benefits from different administration units. (Wikipedia, 2007). The main effect of the project can be seen in terms of financial considerations with respect to the actual expenditures of the entire federal government. Since there will be an increase in restrictions to sort out whether a particular person is a US citizen or not prior to be able to vote and get citizen benefits, there will also be an increase in expenses in order to adjust the budgetary allocation for the said government program. Doing some additional tasks and employing much more people in order to identify legitimate citizens will mean additional resource facilitation. Thus, allocation processes for the use of money will be altered.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In a positive perspective, it is also possible to maximize the route of budget allocation which should be granted to the public’s needs and welfare. Since there will be a very good way of identifying people who are eligible to receive the government benefits, sufficient financial amounts will be sustained in a very optimized manner. All the collected taxes will be used by people who are actual legitimate citizens of the United States. Aside from achieving financial advantages, it would also be fair for the actual tax payers to receive the benefits they are entitled to. References Wikipedia. 2007. Arizona Prop 200 (2004). Wikipedia-The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved November 16 2007 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_Proposition_200_(2004).

Is Google Making Us Stupid Essay Example for Free

Is Google Making Us Stupid Essay Since the development of Google, there has been a vast amount of information available on various topics or subjects. â€Å"Is Google Making Us Stupid?† explains and examines the different ways that the internet has been more useful and beneficial, according to the words of the author, Nicholas Carr. According to the readings, the author represents and expresses his thoughts and ideas using logos. Take for instance when Carr expresses that he once was a scuba diver in a sea of words, but now he zips along like a guy on a jet ski (Carr p. 534). Carr expresses that he once was a person who hardly used the internet but now he is one who uses it on a regular basis, making feels that someone has been tinkering with his brain, making it change. No longer does he enjoy reading a book of any length because he cannot sustain concentration on the book. Carr feels that all the time he now spends online is affecting his abilities to concentrate and recognizes that the Internet has been a useful tool for him to search for information and communicate. Carr notes that, unlike footnotes, links send you to the information rather than just refer to it. Reading is not an instinctive skill the way learning a language is, requiring us to teach our minds to translate symbolic characters into the language we understand. Media and technologies used to learn and practice reading shape the neural circuits of our brains suggest that readers of ideograms used in languages such as Chinese develop a different mental circuitry than readers whose language uses an alphabet. These variations extend across many regions of the brain, including functions that govern memory and the interpretation of visual and auditory stimuli. It is reasonable to assume that circuits woven by the use of the Net will be different from those woven by reading books and other printed matter (Wolf p. 536). Using Google makes it easier for several people to perform functions on a daily basis. Changing the way the world researches and finds answers to several questions with various tabs and several articles, Google is believed by many to not make up stupid. In conclusion to this, several others agree that it may be an untraditional method of research, but it sure does cut down on time.

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Imagine: boy meets girl, they fall in love, they marry, they die out of passion for each other. Now imagine this happening over the course of three days. Does the love they shared appear as true as before? Romeo and Juliet is known as one of the most romantic story ever written, though the Prince could not have said it any better, â€Å"For never was a story of more woe / than this of Juliet and her Romeo† (5.3.320-321). It's almost ironic how Shakespeare's play is often thought of as a story of true love, and not as a tale of two immature youth who believe they hold more than simply infatuation. Shakespeare shows that the love shared by Romeo and Juliet is nothing more than naà ¯ve attraction. For instance, (cut here?) Romeo is depressed about being â€Å"out of love† meaning the attraction he feels is not mutual, but he instantly forgets about his lovesickness, and the one he was in love with, when he locks eyes with another girl. This means that he never actually h ad true love to begin with as he first thought. There are characters in this story of immature love who recognize the inconsistency of Romeo's love and that Romeo’s feelings are nothing more than sexual attraction. (NOTE: FIX THESIS!) When Romeo is first introduced, he is depressed about being â€Å"out of love† because Rosaline, the girl he is supposedly in love with, does not return his affections. In Benvolio's attempts to persuade Romeo to forget her and find other women at the Capulet's party, Romeo angrily yells, â€Å"One fairer than my love? The all-seeing sun / Ne’er saw her match since first the world begun† (1.2.98-100). He says that no one could possibly match the beauty of Rosaline. Romeo believes he knows love, but really, he wants love. He is in love with the idea of being... ...m a true love. Even Juliet was ignorant enough to say â€Å"That ‘banishà ¨d,’ that one word ‘banishà ¨d’ / Hath slain ten thousand Tybalts† (3.2.124-125) after Romeo had killed Tybalt and was banished for it. She is stating that banishment is worse than the murder of ten thousand Tybalts. Though, who is to say what true love is and how long it takes to develop? Romeo and Juliet could in fact be in love, but it cannot be denied that they are going about it in an immature way. Romeo believed he had found eternal love with Rosaline, but one look at Juliet and he forget about his lovesickness and then decided Juliet was his true love. This inconsistency was seen by other characters such as Mercutio and Friar Laurence, who say that Romeo’s feelings were merely infatuation and not love as he had said they were, showing that Juliet is a replacement Rosaline. (NOTE: FIX CONCLUSION!)

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act: Protecting Corporate Assets Essays -- SOX Act,

Internal Controls. Kind of like a brick wall, or a fire wall on a computer. Internal controls act as a way to keep a company and its assets safe, as well as make sure that the company maintains complete and accurate accounting records. Internal controls are in charge of the overall well being of a company from its assets to its employees, even to its sales and reputation. A lot of things are involved with internal controls such as; Sarbanes-Oxley Act, stock well being, well being and safety of assets and accounting accuracy. One of the Internal Controls main purposes is that of keeping a companies assets safe, whether that be from employees, robbers, or misuse from outside parties. As one can figure keeping a companies assets would be a very important task that would keep a company running smoothly and successfully if all went well. Internal Controls will work to maintain the safety of all assets of a company by assuring no unauthorized use or access, and keeping close watches over all records and information. Another main task of the internal control is that of keeping the accounting records up to date and accurate at all times. In the past months there has been quite a bit of emphasis on the importance of a company keeping complete and accurate accounting records for many reasons. A companies well being may depend on its records accuracy, if there happen to be a problem spotted a simple solution would be to revert back to the records, but what if the records are inaccurate, or incomplete? It is extremely important that Internal Controls keep close watch over the accuracy of the companies accounting records of all forms. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 or SOX was created by the governments sector of Public Compan... ...d to companies loosing billions of dollars to those unethical practicing members of a company. As one can see internal controls in a company can make or break a company. With all participation and strict principals internal controls can provide a great basis for a company and catch all errors to ensure a smooth run for a company and avoidance of any scandals. With a loose internal control system or unethical practices a company can get a bad wrap, loose customers and investors, loose profit and assets, as well as loose all reputability. There will always be problems within companies, but with the close running of a company’s internal control and ethical practices, government involvement, and outside audits and over views a company can lower their risk of loosing anything valuable to their company, and staying out of the public’s eye in a negative manner.

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Did you know? That the first mechanical computer was built in 1939 by Professor John V. Atanasoff in Iowa State; furthermore, it weighed 750 lbs, and had a memory storage of 3,000 bits which is equivalent to 0.4 Kilobyte. Computers today are known as PC, desktop, and laptop, and they less cost efficiency today because the technology we have today makes it so much easier to build desktops; in addition, of components such as the CPU, Motherboard, Memory, Storage, Video Card, Power Supply, and Case. Computers today weighed less in lbs; ergonomic designs are more slick; and the cost efficient makes it affordable to most computer buyers. Most computer companies has challenged one another: indeed, of specifications to slick designs to catch the computer buyers attention. Computers utilization today are mainly for multipurpose from business to entertainment.Computers is beneficial, it has started business and entertainment. Computer has made business much easier for people to find j obs. Games can be found in computer which can be entertainment for PC users. Computers today have been utilized in our everyday lives. People can surf the web, check their emails, and chat with people on social Medias. There are also negative effects of computers, it can cause many students to procrastinate on their homework or studying because Facebook and entertainment can be a very distracting. It’s a fact that it has caused most children to lack of extracurricular activity because now children are more into their computers then going outside to play and have fun with friends. Computers can be built by parts, such as the following components: CPU, Motherboard, Memory, storage, Video Card, Power Supply, and Case. For example, many of my friends tha... ...nd extremely expensive to buy. The first 1 gigabit disk drive was worth $40,000 and weigh 550 pounds. Computers were also used in the military to track missile or to start a missile and track enemy on the radar. The average human blinks 20 times a minute but when using computer blinks 7 times a minute. Computer has taught me, how to do coding with java script which is one of the computer language that I learned online. Java script has taught many people how to develop website or even make video games for other people to play. There are many other computer languages for me to learn in the upper division courses which I’m so ready for. Some people call â€Å"Java† as coffee drink. Many high school today don’t teach students how to coding because it’s not that popular right now. To me coding is like a magic power that I can transform or make things the way I want to be.

A Father Does Not Always Know Best :: Free Essay Writer

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain brilliantly illustrates a boy's travels down the Mississippi and the trials and tribulations that occur as a result. Having a runaway slave as a companion and being set in the South during slavery only forebodes trouble. The many characters and stunts that Huck's pulls provides for an interesting depiction of a young man's venture down a river. Huck lives in a small town and has only one drunken parent, which supplies Huck with many problems. His biological father, Pap, wanders from town to town, begging for money and drinking; and every once in a while pops back into Huck's life to beg money and to scold his son for going to school and becoming ‘sivilized’. However, there is also another male figure that acts as a father to young Huck. Miss Watson's slave Jim travels along with Huck and befriends the boy. Because Jim is a role model and mentor to the young Huck, he is more of a father figure than his biological father. Jim also teaches him principles directly through their conversations and debates. "Jim said he reckoned that the widow was partly right and that Pap was partly right, so the best way would be or us to pick two or three things from the list and say we wouldn't borrow them anymore† (Twain, 49). Jim taught Huck how to combine what he had been taught so far and how to rationalize. He also taught Huck little fables and old wives tales such as the 'bad luck if ya touch a rattlesnake' and 'a hairy breast mean ya gonna be rich sumday...(Twain, 40, 34) "Jim says you mustn't catch a bird cause it's death and you mustn’t count the thing you're ganna cook for dinner cause it's bad luck" (Twain, 34) Jim teaches him both lessons that are essential to life and ones that are amusing and make life interesting. Fathers satisfy the needs of their sons. Jim satisfied Huck’s need for exploration and his quest for knowledge and also satisfied his need for pleasure and en joyment. A father teaches his son lessons. Jim taught Huck many lessons both unintentionally and directly. Jim shows Huck that slaves are human people. Huck learns that slaves are capable of human emotions such as love and compassion because Jim talked of buying his wife out of slavery and stealing his children out of bondage.

Rationality and the Ethical Life-Aristotle and Kant

What is rationality and the ethical life? According to Aristotle and Kant, they have different views on what these two things mean. Aristotle explained that a virtuous activity has an intermediate position of excess and deficiency and also a mean relative to us. The definition of virtue is a mean, insofar, as it aims at what is intermediate. Aristotle listed ten virtues in his book that he saw as being most important in becoming a virtuous human being. Aristotle also explained that we must become who we are on our own. Kant explained that humanity is defined as being rational. It is our duty by nature to act morally because we are rational. We have absolute worth because we are human beings. Aristotle and Kant have many similarities and differences in their understandings of the ethical life. Aristotle explained that the virtuous life is the excellent life, which is the happy life, which is the rational life. To be rational, we must practice the ten virtues. Rationality is rooted in our actions. If we see someone doing something out of the norm, we usually conclude that they are irrational. Our actions play a huge role on what we believe in society to be rational or irrational. Aristotle’s understanding of the rational person is someone who practices the ten virtues in a public life because you cannot lead an excellent life if it is a private life. I agree with Aristotle because in order to become rational, you must practice these virtues while interacting with others. Aristotle also believes that the highest good is happiness. Happiness is the human function Happiness is the ultimate end for human beings and happiness alone makes life worth living. However, we must achieve our own happiness by doing something with excellence. Aristotle explains that in order to lead an ethical life, we must leada rational life. Humans are born with the capabilityof becoming virtuous. We must become who we are. Kant explains that because we are human we are rational. All human beings are rational so it is universally shared. Categorical imperative explains tat we must act morally. Our intensions are to be moral when acing and it is our duty, by nature, to act morally. When we act, our intentions are always for goodwill. Kant understood that with rationality comes freedom. When one is rational and free, then one is moral, which explains moral law. Because we are humans, we have absolute worth. I cannot use someone as a means to my ends. Slavery is an example of using humans as a means to some sort of ends. The law of humanity explains that we have absolute worth because we are humans and you cannot put a price on human beings. Kant believes that human beings have absolute dignity and worth because we are human. While studying both the philosophers, I found more differences than similarities in their works. I believe that both philosophers make interesting arguments in what it really means to lead the ethical life. While Aristotle explained that we must become virtuous throughout our lives by interacting with others and leading an excellent life to find happiness. Kant explained that we are born with absolute dignity and worth because we are human. Aristotle and Kant both argue that because we are human, we are rational people. They both believe that because we are human, we have the capability of becoming rational.

Improving Communication on Overloaded Staff Essay

When the number of employees is to short compared to the tasks they have to accomplish, there is really a tendency to have overloaded employees which, in consequence, produce unaccomplished tasks. In the end, the burden only accumulates and the company shoulders them all. As the manager, I am not allowed to get more employees to distribute the tasks evenly. This worsens the case. The business went slow and things could worsen if more tasks are not done. It may even stop the business from recovering. As much as I would want my boss to understand the case, he cannot see the bigger picture and I am left with the problem all by myself. The first thing I would have to do would be to ask for our own office and I would transfer my office near the employees. That way, I could easily supervise them and the handing of the tasks won’t be difficult. I find that the reason why my staff doesn’t heed to my requests is that the requests I made are not personal. They could easily ignore my e-mail messages or even pretend that they do not receive the message which would be unusual because I should have received a message failure notice. If I could be there to personally hand in the tasks with the employees, I think, there would be no reason or, at least, less reasons why they would find it difficult to handle the task because there would be a free discussion among us. The information dissemination would be a lot easier. Any confusion and conflicts would also be easily resolved if I am present. The presence of a leader is important in any organization and in any activities of that organization. I also think that one reason why my staff feels overloaded is that they have been performing poorly. In the first place, I won’t be giving them tasks if I don’t think they would be able to finish it. As a manager, I have to be reasonable without compromising the desired outcome of our business. I will give them tasks one at a time so we could be sure that none of the tasks overlaps. That way, they won’t be able to complain about overloading. I’ve mentioned that they may have been performing poorly that is why there is task overload. I think that they fail to finish tasks on time or maybe, they would start on something new without finishing the previous tasks so tasks pile up. The solution to that would be good supervision. Supervision would allow us to see if the tasks are done at the specified time and if the tasks are already piling up. For accumulation of tasks, I’ve said that I will be giving tasks one at a time so it will never be a problem. If, in unavoidable circumstances, there would be a need to perform tasks simultaneously, I think I think I would have to apply my management skills. It may have been possible that the staff feels lax. It is because nobody supervises them. With the presence of an authority, they won’t be that lax. I think that the atmosphere in the office has not been good because none was there to lead. In my previous observation, I have also found that my staff doesn’t know how to prioritize. Making priorities would never be my problem because I have the skills in managing. I could do the prioritizing for them. The thing is, as a team, we won’t be that effective if only I do all the initiative and just pass on tasks on them. As a manager, I really do have the right to assign. However, as a leader, I also have the responsibility to put the drive on my subordinates. I have to turn them into passionate employees because as much as I try to lighten the burden on my employees, if they really do not enjoy what they are doing, we will have a difficulty in being productive. I have to influence them and even teach them management skills because everyone needs that. In essence, my presence in the office will allow me easy supervision among the employees.

History of the Michelson-Morley Experiment

History of the Michelson-Morley Experiment The Michelson-Morley experiment was an attempt to measure the motion of the Earth through the luminous ether. Though often called the Michelson-Morley experiment, the phrase actually refers to a series of experiments carried out by Albert Michelson in 1881 and then again (with better equipment) at Case Western University in 1887 along with chemist Edward Morley. Though the ultimate result was negative, the experiment key in that it opened the door for an alternative explanation for the strange wave-like behavior of light. How It Was Supposed to Work By the end of the 1800s, the dominant theory of how light worked was that it was a wave of electromagnetic energy, because of experiments such as Youngs double slit experiment. The problem is that a wave had to move through some sort of medium. Something has to be there to do the waving. Light was known to travel through outer space (which scientists believed was a vacuum) and you could even create a vacuum chamber and shine a light through it, so all of the evidence made it clear that light could move through a region without any air or other matter. To get around this problem, physicists hypothesized that there was a substance which filled the entire universe. They called this substance the luminous ether (or sometimes luminiferous aether, though it seems like this is just kind of throwing in pretentious-sounding syllables and vowels). Michelson and Morley (probably mostly Michelson) came up with the idea that you should be able to measure the motion of the Earth through the ether. The ether was typically believed to be unmoving and static (except, of course, for the vibration), but the Earth was moving quickly. Think about when you hang your hand out of the car window on a drive. Even if its not windy, your own motion makes it seem windy. The same should be true for the ether. Even if it stood still, since the Earth moves, then light that goes in one direction should be moving faster along with the ether than light that goes in the opposite direction. Either way, so long as there was some sort of motion between the ether and the Earth, it should have created an effective ether wind that would have either pushed or hindered the motion of the light wave, similar to how a swimmer moves faster or slower depending on whether he is moving along with or against the current. To test this hypothesis, Michelson and Morley (again, mostly Michelson) designed a device that split a beam of light and bounced it off mirrors so that it moved in different directions and finally hit the same target. The principle at work was that if two beams traveled the same distance along different paths through the ether, they should move at different speeds and therefore when they hit the final target screen those light beams would be slightly out of phase with each other, which would create a recognizable interference pattern. This device, therefore, came to be known as the Michelson interferometer (shown in the graphic at the top of this page). The Results The result was disappointing because they found absolutely no evidence of the relative motion bias they were looking for. No matter which path the beam took, light seemed to be moving at precisely the same speed. These results were published in 1887. One other way to interpret the results at the time was to assume that the ether was somehow connected to the motion of the Earth, but no one really could come up with a model that allowed this that made sense. In fact, in 1900 the British physicist Lord Kelvin famously indicated that this result was one of the two clouds that marred an otherwise complete understanding of the universe, with a general expectation that it would be resolved in relatively short order. It would take nearly 20 years (and the work of Albert Einstein) to really get over the conceptual hurdles needed to abandon the ether model entirely and adopt the current model, in which light exhibits wave-particle duality. Source Find the full text of their paper published in the 1887 edition of the American Journal of Science, archived online at the AIP website.

Writing Comments Example

Writing Comments Example Writing Comments – Coursework Example Writing Comments al Affiliation 17th April What Experienced Collaborators Say about Collaborative WritingA group is different from a team in the content and not the structure. They both are made up of individuals working together but with different dynamics and different ideology. A group works under structures of authority with divided roles within the group. A team works as a synergy with concerted effort in one task after the other. As a student I believe teachers usually avoid collaborative writing because of social loafing; a member of the group does nothing at the expense of the others. A teacher can make group discussion better by making the students understand the purpose for group, the leadership of the group, challenges and how to resolve them when they arise.Collaborative writing The key factors for successful collaborative writing would include effective group leadership, better decision making criteria set, better solving of group conflict, and clear group interaction me thods. Time management in communication in the group set up has been improved through the change in contents of technical communication. The fact that technical communication has been shifted from the intermediary to individual has increased the transfer of communication among the general members of the group who take the information as a synergy rather than individual to individual communication.The Changing Nature of Technical Communication PracticeDynamism refers to that ability that exists to take up change. The change is either in nature or in person. Communications that involve technical communicators in the past involve people who acted as information links between different people working in a team. Knowledge economy through communication in a team involves making many team members aware of important information. Engineers and marketers in the past were not dynamic due to the nature of communication in the teams but due to changes in the roles of the technical communication practice the notion of lack of dynamism has changed. Technical communication is saving time since it is becoming less solitary and text based to more interactive and team based. Technical communicators now meet varying and rigorous responses that requires them to elicit better content and time management.ReferencesJames, C. â€Å"From the Structure of Text to the Dynamic of Teams: The Changing Nature of Technical Communication Practice† (2005). PrintNancy, A , Dianne. A, Meg. M, Teresa. M, and Craig, S. â€Å"what Experienced Collaborators Say About Collaborative Writing† Journal of Business and Technical Communication. (1987). Print

Understanding the Ballot Initiative Process

Understanding the Ballot Initiative Process The ballot initiative, a form of direct democracy, is the process through which citizens exercise the power to place measures otherwise considered by state legislatures or local governments on statewide and local ballots for a public vote. Successful ballot initiatives can create, change or repeal state and local laws, or amend state constitutions and local charters. Ballot initiatives can also be used simply to force state or local legislative bodies to consider the subject of the initiative. As of 2016, the ballot initiative process was used at the state level in 24 states and the District of Columbia and is commonly used in county and city government. The first documented approval for the use of the ballot initiative process by a state legislature appeared in the first constitution of Georgia, ratified in 1777.   The State of Oregon recorded the first use of the modern ballot initiative process in 1902. A major feature of the American Progressive Era from the 1890s to 1920s, the use of ballot initiatives quickly spread to several other states. The first attempt to gain the approval of the ballot initiative at the federal government level took place in 1907 when House Joint Resolution 44 was introduced by Rep. Elmer Fulton of Oklahoma. The resolution never came to a vote in the full House of Representatives, having failed to gain committee approval. Two similar resolutions introduced in 1977 were also unsuccessful.According to the Initiative Referendum Institutes Ballotwatch, a total of 2,314 ballot initiatives appeared on state ballots between 1904 and 2009, of which 942 (41%) were approved. The ballot initiative process is also commonly used at the county and city levels of government. There is no ballot initiative process at the national level. Adoption of a nationwide federal ballot initiative process would require an amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Direct and Indirect Ballot Initiatives Ballot initiatives may be either direct or indirect. In a direct ballot initiative, the proposed measure is placed directly on the ballot after being submitted by a certified petition. Under the less common indirect initiative, the proposed measure is placed on a ballot for a  popular vote only if it has first been rejected by the state legislature. Laws specifying the number and qualifications of names required to place an initiative on a ballot vary from state-to-state. Difference Between Ballot Initiatives and Referendums The term ballot initiative should not be confused with referendum, which is a measure referred to voters by a state legislature proposing that specific legislation may be approved or rejected by the legislature. Referendums may be either binding or non-binding referendums. In a binding referendum, the state legislature is forced by law to abide by the vote of the people. In a non-binding referendum, it is not. The terms referendum, proposition and ballot initiative are often used interchangeably. Examples of Ballot Initiatives Some notable examples of ballot initiatives voted on in  the November 2010 midterm elections included: Washington State Initiative 1098 would impose a first-ever state income tax, initially on individuals with incomes above $200,000 but later possibly extend to other groups at the legislatures discretion. This action would remove Washington from the list of nine states without a state income tax.Californias Proposition 23 would suspend enforcement of the sweeping California Global Warming Act and all laws related to it until the states unemployment rate eases and becomes stable.A ballot initiative in Massachusetts would  slash the states sales tax from 6.25 percent to 3 percent, and repeal in most cases the state sales tax on alcoholic beverages.Californias Proposition 19 would legalize the possession, cultivation, and transportation of marijuana for the personal use of persons 21 years of age or older.As a sign of opposition to the new federal health care reform law, voters in Arizona, Colorado, and Oklahoma considered ballot initiatives affirming individuals choices on purchasing insurance or participating in government plans.

Definition of Armature - Art History Glossary

Definition of Armature - Art History Glossary (noun) - In art, an armature is an underlying, unseen, supporting component (usually of wood or metal) for something else. Armatures are useful in sculpture, lost-wax casting (to help make the initial model three-dimensional) and even stop-motion animation puppets. Think of the chicken wire frame upon which plaster or papier mache strips are affixed in a sculpture, to get a mental visual. An even more dramatic example, designed by Alexandre Gustave Eiffel, is the iron armature inside Frà ©dà ©ric Auguste Bartholdis Statue of Liberty. Pronunciation arm ·a ·chur Common Misspellings amature, armeture Examples When this armature has been fixed, the artificer begins to take some fine earth, beaten together with horse dung and hair, as I said, and carefully lays a very thin coating all over which he allows to dry, and so on time after time with other coatings, always allowing each to dry until the figure becomes covered with earth raised to the thickness of half a span at the most. - Vasari on Technique (1907 trans.); pp. 160-161.

Apple Paper Information

Apple Paper Information Apple Paper Information Founded in 1975 initially to sell personal computers, Apple, Inc. is now among the world’s most recognizable and successful multinational corporations. Apple is the world’s second largest information technology company and third largest mobile phone producer (Wikipedia, 2014, para. 3). Apple’s enormous success is evidence of the drive and tenacity of its founders Steve Jobs, Ronald Wayne, Steve Wozniak. The highly revered Steve Jobs succumbed to cancer in 2011 but is still regarded for his wisdom, leadership, innovation, and insight. The company designs, develops, and sells consumer electronics, computer software, online services, and personal computers. Apple’s well branded product line is led by the coveted iPhone which is an internet supported smartphone that merges mobile phone capabilities, a wireless internet device and iPod into one handheld unit. Also popular is the iPad computer tablet which can also be used for emailing, playing music, photo graphy, videography, gaming, and social networking. Apple’s media player is the iPod which is a portable device which serves as a media library and plays both audio and audiovisual files. The iPod uses the Apple owned iTunes software application for categorizing, downloading, and playing digital files for multiple Apple products. The Mac personal computer was Apple’s first product which is beneficial for personal and business use. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc. Founded in 1975 initially to sell personal computers, Apple, Inc. is now among the world’s most recognizable and successful multinational corporations. Apple is the world’s second largest information technology company and third largest mobile phone producer. The company designs, develops, and sells consumer electronics, computer software, online services, and personal computers. Apple’s well branded product line is led by the coveted iPhone which is an internet supported smartph one that merges mobile phone capabilities, a wireless internet device and iPod into one handheld unit. Also popular is the iPad computer tablet which can also be used for emailing, playing music, photography, videography, gaming, and social networking. Apple’s media player is the iPod which is a portable device which serves as a media library and plays both audio and audiovisual files. The iPod uses the Apple owned iTunes software application for categorizing, downloading, and playing digital files for multiple Apple products. The Mac personal computer was Apple’s first product which is beneficial for personal and business use. The company’s success is evidence of the drive and tenacity of its founders Steve Jobs, Ronald Wayne, Steve Wozniak. The highly revered Steve Jobs succumbed to cancer in 2011 but is still regarded for his wisdom, leadership, innovation, and insight. Apple Inc. is an American multinational corporation headquartered in Cupertino, California, that designs, develops, and sells consumer electronics, computer software, online services, and personal computers. Its best-known hardware products are the Mac line of computers, the iPod media player, the iPhone smartphone, and the iPad tablet computer. Its online services include iCloud, iTunes Store, and App Store. Apple's consumer software includes the OS X and iOS operating systems, the iTunes media browser, the Safari web browser, and the iLife and iWork creativity and productivity suites. Apple was founded by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne on April 1, 1976, to develop and sell personal computers. It was incorporated as Apple Computer, Inc. on January 3, 1977, and was renamed as Apple Inc. on January 9, 2007, to reflect its shifted focus towards consumer electronics. Apple is the world's second-largest information technology company by revenue after Samsung Electronics, and the world's third-largest mobile phone maker after Samsung and Nokia.[5] Fortune magazine named Apple the most admired company in the United States in 2008, and in the world

Risk Control Systems and Performance

Risk Control Systems and Performance Critical control systems Critical risk control systems are essential in various infrastructures notably those in the energy sector.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Risk Control Systems and Performance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Due to the increased integration in enterprise systems in modern settings, there is an increased need for the establishment of inherently secure risk control systems which are designed and implemented in such a way that they minimize vulnerabilities to constant threats being posed by both internal and external forces (Young et al 2005). Occurrence of these risks would heavily impact on the effectiveness and efficiency of the organization consequently impacting on the profitability as well as the outlook of the organization (Fraser 2010). Energy companies are often confronted by severe technical security risks due to the delicate nature of their operations. It is therefore the duty o f the organization’s owners and operators to establish the link between the prevailing risks in production and distribution process for energy products and vulnerabilities inherent in the risk control systems (Young et al 2005). Subsequently, the firm’s management should institute and integrate risk control systems, which should be continually improved in order to defend creation and distribution operations from any harm (unintentional and intentional). It is important for companies to implement efficient risk control systems since failure of the same may result in endangerment to human life and the environment, loss of profitability for the affected company, and harm to the nation’s energy production infrastructure (Young et al 2005). Risk refers to the possibility of occurrence of an event that could adversely affect the company’s personnel, assets, environment, reputation or even overflow to the external surroundings (Poupart-Lafarge 2007). Risk is the refore a necessary part of the organization which should be approached with a lot of caution.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Since risk taking is an inherent part of any business enterprise seeking to prosper in the market, it is important for the organization to embrace an amount of risk adequate for effective performance of the business. However, these risks require proper management and control in order to enhance the company’s ability to achieve its long term objectives and maintain its profitability. Risk management and critical control systems play an important role in directing organizations towards achieving operations safety by continually preventing and managing these risks (Poupart-Lafarge 2007). Risk control systems therefore refer to a dynamic system adopted by a specific organization to regulate and maintain risks in the company at certai n acceptable levels (Poupart-Lafarge 2007). Critical risks control systems entails a set of resources, procedures, guidelines and actions that are adopted by the organization in order to manage risks. The risk control systems play a major role in creating and preserving the organization’s values, assets as well as its reputation in both the internal and external environment (Poupart-Lafarge 2007). The risk control systems seek to identify and address the potential risks and opportunities that the company is likely to incur in the future on occurrence of risks after which they address and anticipate these risks rather than submitting them passively. The risk management systems assist in the process of decision making and the company’s processes to attain its objectives (Poupart-Lafarge 2007). Through the control systems, the organization seeks to identify the main incidences and events that are likely to influence the company’s long term performance and interfere with the attainment of the company’s objectives. Since it is every organization’s goal to reach the highest level of performance, controlling these risks promotes the company’s performance and enhances the attainment of the company’s objectives. Risk management is an integral part of any organization’s decision-making and operating processes since the decisions made by the organization have to be based on the possibility of occurrence of various risk. Risk control systems allows managers to gain a comprehensive outlook of the company’s threats an opportunities consequently enabling them to make informed decisions based on the probability of risk.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Risk Control Systems and Performance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Risk control systems and risk management promote consistency of the company’s actions with its value (Poupart-Lafarge 2007). This is because they seek to address the issues likely to affect both the internal and external environment consequently demonstrating corporate responsibility. Occurrence of risks often threatens the company’s credibility and reflects the company’s lack of consistency between decision making process and critical risk costs. It is therefore important for organization’s to contain the effects of risks occurrence by ensuring that the risk is efficiently controlled. Sound risk control systems significantly reduce the probability of risk occurrence consequently promoting the image of the organization both internally and externally. In addition, risk management systems promote cohesion among company’s employees as well as other stakeholders as they work together behind a shared vision of reducing the incidences of risk occurrence in the organization. It is the duty of each organization therefore, to establish a risk control system that is applicable to its specific circumstances (Poupart-Lafarge 2007). The risk control system should incorporate an organizational framework that defines the roles and responsibilities of all the stakeholders, sets out the procedures, and clearly outlines the consistent standards of the system in order to enhance the attainment of its purpose. In addition, the framework should constitute a risk control policy that sets out the system’s objectives in accordance with the corporate culture that should highlight the company’s approach to the identification, analysis and management of risks in the organization. Further, the system should have an advanced information system that facilitates efficient and accurate dissemination of information within the organization. This ensures that the relevant information is transmitted intended recipient within the stipulated time which consequently enhances performance in the organization. An efficient risk control process manifests itself in a three sta ge process; the three stage process entails risk identification, risk analysis and risk management procedures (Poupart-Lafarge 2007). In risk identification, the company seeks to establish the main risks threatening the company’s attainment of its goals and objectives. These risks may derive from internal or external forces.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Risk analysis on the other hand involves the examination of the potential financial, personal, and environmental as well as the reputation implications of the risk occurrence on the company (Greenberg 1991). This enhances the company’s response to accidents upon occurrence. Further, the likelihood of risk occurrence should be assessed in order to award priority to events most likely to occur. The final step involves risk management procedures whereby the most appropriate action plans for the organization are chosen and executed (Poupart-Lafarge 2007). The organization adopts these measures in order to maintain a certain acceptable level of risk necessary for effective performance of the company. The organizations’ risk control systems seek to reduce the amount of risk, transfer the risk, and accept the risk or to completely eliminate the risks. The company makes the appropriate decision by weighing the costs and the opportunities of risk management measures with due co nsideration of their potential effects on the overall performance of the organization as well as its environs. The organization should subject the risk control systems to periodic supervision and reviews which facilitates constant performance improvement. Critical risk control systems for a nuclear plant Nuclear plant activities carry with them an inherent risk that may negatively affect people or the environment (Heinrichs and Fell 1995). Consequently, the aim of all risk managers in the industry is to maintain risks levels as low as possible. The governing bodies embark on extensive regulation and control of the plant in order to safeguard it from internal and external threats. The United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission protects nuclear materials within the country from misappropriation, sensitive information from unauthorized disclosure, and regulates the use of radioactive materials in the plants in order to protect people and the environment (NRC 2010). Radioactive materia ls pose danger to human life and the environment through exposure to ionizing radiations. As defined by IAEA in 1988, one of the major goals of safety management in nuclear plants is ensuring the protection of the plant’s personnel, the general public, and the environment through extensive defence against radiological hazards (Neeb 2007). The US NRC has implemented various measures to attain this goal. The events of September 11th that resulted to massive losses of lives prompted US to increase its emphasis on security of radio active materials. Consequently, the NRC has been fully dedicated to the process of providing security to nuclear materials without discouraging their beneficial use through the office of federal and state materials and environmental management program and the office of nuclear security and incidence response (NRC 2010). In the modern global energy, nuclear plant management are confronted with numerous dimensions of risks other than radio active hazards . Therefore, the management has to address these risks in order to remain competitive in the global market (IAEA 2001). Due to major advancements in information technology, there is an increased need for securing sensitive information in nuclear plants. Both classified and sensitive information relating to nuclear operations must be protected by the governing bodies due to its delicate nature. This is important since leakage of information to unauthorized persons may in some instances result in threat to national security, or enable unauthorized people to design, utilize or manufacture nuclear weapons (NRC 2010). According to a report by IAEA (2001), the operating system of nuclear plant comprises of three major sectors; safety, productions, and commercial sectors which are embedded within a strategic outline and are interdependent of each other such that a decision made in one of the sectors consequently impacts on the performance of other sectors. An integrated risk control system therefore analyzes these factors and aims at minimizing or eliminating the risk associated with the same. Various bodies have been established to regulate nuclear activities in the world. These bodies award responsibility to the material licensees to maintain security and accountability of the radioactive material in their possession (NRC 2010). The nuclear licensees and security regulators have consequently agreed on a shared vision to ensure safe, secure and efficient utilization of nuclear materials under the Regulatory Nuclear Interface Protocol (HSE 2009). Plant protection and mitigation systems form an additional yet separated system of layers to the control systems by monitoring the nuclear plant variables (Chapin 1997). If these systems detect that the plant monitoring and control systems are not operating in line with the plant’s pre determined set of conditions, they proceed to shut down the plant. The systems (mitigation and protection) are discrete for the reason that they are physically detached from the software and hardware being employed by the firm’s control and operating systems. In addition, they are environmentally designed to survive in the harshest anticipated accident conditions e.g. earthquakes (Chapin 1997). Licensing of risk control systems is governed by the Regulatory Commission in United States. The federal government has established the (DHS) which has the overall responsibility among the federal agencies for assessing the vulnerability of the nation’s critical infrastructure to external threats and coordinating efforts to enhance security of the same. Back in 2005, DHS sought to inspect the nuclear sites in the United States in order to conduct security reviews which would assist them in assessing the risk and consequences of various events likely to affect the nuclear power plants (Wells 2007). This enabled the body to establish the most effective way of allocating federal resources to improve security in t he nuclear plants. For the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the primary focus is on the security of the sites and the protective measures applied to enhance such security. The NRC staffs possesses vast knowledge and experience on matters relating to threat assessment which comes in handy in the process of assessing the possibility of threat to the nuclear power plant. Through the use of reports and secure data bases, the NRC is able to analyze the information in order to identify specific references to nuclear power plants and to determine the possibility of terrorist attack to the nuclear plant (Wells 2007). Identification of risk control systems Flight control is an interesting yet a technically challenging subject for which a wide range of engineering disciplines have to align their skills and efforts in order to establish a successful control system that ensures that the aircrafts are operated in safe conditions (Pratt 2000). Since airline operations require maximum security and s afety conditions, it is important for the airline management to ensure that the safety standards are maintained at all levels in order to avoid accidents. The causes of accidents and incidents in aircraft operations refer to events or conditions that lead to occurrence of aircraft accident. Accidents on the other hand refer to occurrences that affect the normal operations of an air craft. Accidents may occur during the operations from the time a person boards an air craft to the time that all the people have disembarked from the plane that results into serious injuries to people, damage to the air craft and/or the disappearance of the aircraft (National research Council 1998). In the bowtie, the possible risks for the aircraft are clearly outlined. The causes of risks range from helicopter failure, overloading the helicopter, hazardous cargo on board which may result in aircraft accidents. In order to reduce the probability of such risk occurrences, the management should utilize pro per risk control systems. Aircraft operators should strictly adhere to quality control systems which considerably reduces cases of aircraft failures and accidents. Aircraft owners and operators should ensure that their suppliers are providing them with approved aircrafts which have undergone extensive inspection and approval by the governing bodies. Aviation contractors should ensure that the helicopters are maintained in good and safe working conditions in order to promote safety in the long run. Regulatory bodies should certify effective aircraft manufacturers and constantly inspect their production processes in order to promote continuous quality aircraft manufacturing. In addition, the manufacturers must incorporate the standards upheld by airline operators which ensure that high quality aircrafts are utilized consequently reducing the probability of aircraft failure. Governing bodies should ensure that safety procedures are followed at all levels of operations in order to preve nt helicopter. Aircrafts should be used for the appropriate duties and the operators should be highly qualified. Experienced and qualified pilots have the ability to execute their duties effectively and this significantly reduces the number of accidents. The pilots should accurately calculate the required weight and balance for each trip in order to avoid overloading the aircraft which often result in aircraft accidents. In case of adverse environmental conditions, the pilot has the authority to abort any take off or landing in order to prevent an accident. A competent pilot has the ability to adjust route in order to avoid sudden environmental changes such as storm. However, the airline operators should ensure continuous and accurate monitoring of environmental conditions in order to avoid such incidences. Effective communication among the relevant stakeholders is important in the coordination of aircraft operations. The helicopter landing officer should be in constant communicatio n with the pilot in order to promote safe landing and take off. Pre flight induction and video briefing should be highly emphasized in order to enlighten those on board on matters regarding safety and emergency procedures. Effective and constant communication between the pilot and air traffic controllers has been essential in tracing lost aircrafts in the past. Further, the communication enables the air traffic controllers to establish the accurate time for aircraft landing consequently reducing incidences of helicopter crash at the rig. Functional and survivability requirements Continuous monitoring of the performance and quality standards of aircrafts and airlines is necessary in order to ensure that safety performance is achieved and maintained in the long run (Heldman 2005). Adopting critical risk control systems in the short run reduces the effectiveness of risk control systems in achieving long term objectives of the airline. To avoid such incidences, the airline administratio n should make use of the AIR monitors to guarantee constant execution of safety standards and continuous scrutiny of the producer’s control systems in order to establish the level of protection and to incessantly validate that they are still abiding by terms of the documentation as well as the delegation that they hold. The airline companies should establish solid regulatory bodies which should govern the safety standards in aircraft operations. Regulatory bodies should ensure that the rules and regulations such as IATA which regulates transport of hazardous materials are strictly enforced in order to avoid aircraft accidents resulting from hazardous material onboard. Further, these bodies should ensure that aircraft operators are highly qualified. For instance, the regulatory bodies should ensure that the aviation personnel possess valid helicopter underwater training escape training which they must present before boarding the aircraft. Regulatory bodies should constantly in spect the quality standards in aircraft operations in order to ensure that they are implemented and practiced in the long run. Effective communication should be embraced at all levels of aircraft operations. The management should constantly motivate their fellow employees to maintain safe standards in aircraft operations. Both vertical and horizontal communication should be promoted in order to promote coordination of the operations as well as contribution by fellow employees. Risk control system should be based on the basic fundamental principles of risk identification, risk analysis, action plan, and continuous monitoring of the process. Communication between aircraft operators should be enhanced through the utilization of modern technology which has substantially improved communication in the modern world Performance assessment Although the airline management may implement risk control systems effectively, it is important for them to assess the effectiveness of the system in orde r to achieve the intended objectives. Integration of risk control systems and safety assurance enables the attainment of this goal within organizations. The risk control process enables the management to identify the hazards prevalent in airline operations and the subsequent assessments of these risks. Performance assurance on the other hand takes control of the process by ensuring that the risks controls continue to be practiced within the organization and that they continue to achieve their intended purpose. This system further provides for an opportunity for the assessment of the need for new controls arising as a result of changes in the operational environment (Halford 2008). The management should therefore review the long term objectives of risk control systems and assess the probability of achievement based on current performance. Reference List Chapin, D. M., 1997. Digital instrumentation and control systems in nuclear power plants: safety and reliability issues: final repor t, Washington D. C., National Academic Press. Fell, R., Heinrich, P., 1995. Acceptable risks for major infrastructures: proceedings of the seminar on acceptable risks for extreme events in planning and design of major infrastructures, Sydney, N.S.W., Australia, 26-27 April 1994. NY: Taylor and Francis. Fraser, J., 2010. Enterprise Risk Management: Today’s leading Research and Best Practices for Tomorrow’s Executives. Canada, John Wiley and Sons. Greenberg, R. H., 1991. Risk Assessment and Risk Management for the Chemical Process Industry. Canada, John Wiley and Sons. Halford, D. C., 2008. Safety Management Systems in Aviation. London, Ashgate Publishing Limited. Heldman, K., 2005. Projects Manager’s Spotlight on Right Management. Canada, John Wiley and Sons. HSE. 2009. Regulatory Nuclear Interface Protocol. Web. International Atomic Energy Agency. Risk Management: A Tool For Improving Nuclear Power Plant Performance, Austria: IAEA Web. National Academic Press, 1998. Improving the Continued Airworthiness of Civil Aircraft: a Strategy for the FAA’s Aircraft Certification Service. Washington DC, National Academies Press. Neeb, K., 1997. The Radio Chemistry of Nuclear Power Plants with Light Water Reactors. London, Walter de Gruyter. NRC. 2010. Ensuring the security of radio active materials. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Web. Pratt, R., 2000. Flight Control Systems: Practices Issues in Design and Implementation. London, Institution of electrical engineers. Telefonica, S.A., 2005. Annual Report on Corporate Governance 2005. Web. Wells, J., 2007. Nuclear Power Plants: Efforts Made To Upgrade Security, But the Nuclear Regulatory Commission’s Design Basis Threat Process Should Be Improved. New York, Diane publishing. Young M L, Stoddard M, Watters J, Nitschke R, Bodeau D., Kertzner P., 2005. Process Control System Security Technical Risk Assessment: Analysis of The Problem Domain. Dartmouth, Dartmouth publishing.

How was the plot to kill president Garfield created and carried out Essay

How was the plot to kill president Garfield created and carried out Please use specific examples from book - Essay Example He had a very high means of opining about himself. He felt that he deserved to get a very powerful job in United States, and James Garfield was in the best position to offer him that job (Millard 2012). However, the president did not offer him his wish; so he plotted to assassinate him. Charles Guiteau was a republican like James Garfield and Ulysses Grant. Prior to the elections of 1880, James Garfield and Ulysses Grant were running for the presidency and James Garfield won the Republican nomination to face Democrat Winfield S. Hancock in the general elections. Guiteau had engaged in several ventures before joining politics. He then supported the Republican presidential candidate James Garfield after his favourite Stalwart candidate Ulysses Grant lost in the nomination. Stalwart was a Republican faction allied to the former president Ulysses Grant. The other faction was Half-Breeds led by President Garfield. The vice president Arthur who later took over as president after the assassination of President Grant was a Stalwart. Guiteau wrote a speech called Grant vs. Hancock which he later changed to Garfield vs. Hancock in support of Garfield (Millard 2012). He later said that his intention was to unite the two factions of the Republican Party; and one of the reasons why he murdered the president is because he thought it was the best way to resolve the divisions in the Republican Party which, according to him, were caused by President Garfield. With these political sacrifices he made, Charles Guiteau hoped that the Republican government would offer him a good job. He aimed at a diplomatic post in Vienna, and later asked for the same position in Paris. During the 1880 campaign he was all over the Republican headquarters in New York City seeking rewards for his efforts which he believed to have caused the narrow win of Garfield over Hancock. Later after the inauguration of Garfield in March 5, 1881, he went to the White House in Washington and

Stratigic Plan for Public Health Organization Coursework

Stratigic Plan for Public Health Organization - Coursework Example STRATEGIC PLAN FOR LAKE COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT Our Vision: Our vision is to promote and protect the health of Waukegan Illinois through assessment, policy development, and assurance. Our Mission statement: The mission of the Lake County Health Department is to promote and protect the health of Illinois residents through networking and collaborative actions that raise public awareness, build a constituency, and influences legislation and policies concerning public health issues affecting northern Illinois.   Our Values: We believe that services must be available without barriers. No resident should be turned away due to an inability to pay. We also believe in providing services in an environment of mutual respect, free of discrimination or any bias (Lakecountyil.gov, 2013). Our core competencies a) This department came into existence in 1956, established by referendum. Back then, it had a small bunch of people. However, today it boasts of over one-thousand professional assisting i n all aspects of health, with an approximate working budget of seventy-million US dollars. b) Of all the human service providers under the Lake County, we are the biggest, with a twelve member Health Board governing this department. c) Nationwide, we rank among the top six of all two-thousand, eight hundred and sixty four health departments at the local level. d) We are members under the Northern Illinois Public Health Consortium, an organization that serves the Chicago city and the Winnebago, Mchenry, Kendall, Lake, Kane, Cook, Dupage, and Will counties in terms of complex health matters. The Environmental Scan. An environmental scan is the systematic way of finding out and interpreting the external environment to know the trends and factors of change, and their likely impacts on an organization in the future. Economic aspects Increase or entry of new security risks will affect the ability to respond to emergencies. This will affect this department in that we may not respond to eme rgencies resulting from crime and health risks as we lack the training of responding to security risks. Global economic transformation on Health care due to advance in competition may find workers not adequately prepared for new work processes. Impacts of globalization of Health care owing to economic integration and liberalization of trade globally will mean that workers have to deal with more potentially dangerous diseases. Social/ demographic aspects High risk groups such as foreign workers, older and new workers will affect the workplace. This is because language and cultural barriers, lack of training as well as the work organization mean a possibility in increase of injuries or work blunders. The raising of the educational and general worker bar in qualifying as a health worker means injury rates will reduce because of better training and more workers that are competent. Aging of the American population will affect the workforce in that chronic injuries and illnesses may incre ase. In addition, older workers take longer to recover from such. Legal/ policy aspects Increase in the enforcement of health and safety regulations by the government means pushing towards greater compliance that will help in better competence and more output. Smoking ban in workplaces and public spaces means workers will no longer get exposure to

Final Exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Final Exam - Essay Example Peoplehood is the consciousness of the fundamental unity that makes a person a part of a society. Peoplehood matrix constitutes four basic principles, a consecrated history, a well-defined terrain, and the environment, a distinct language and a characteristic ceremonial cycle. This paper will look into these principles. Peoplehood features were attributed to socio-cultural, political, economic, and environmental behaviours of Cherokee inhabitants. They included the Cherokee Indians, Delaware, Natchez people and the Shawnee. Membership of Cherokee community entailed certain obligations that had to be met for one to participate in the continuation of a good life in Cherokee nation. For example, young men and women graduated to the elderly and diplomatic stature only after serving as warriors (Mooney 56). Cherokee nation had ceremonies that honoured and cared for the sacred fire analogous to the sun and a symbol of purity. Annually Cherokee people gathered to dance in a bright flame and dark shadows of everlasting fire and ask for help of the fire and the spirits. They believed that as long as the fire burned, Cherokee people were destined to survive (Mails 23). Several Cherokee ceremonies were performed, ceremonial lighting of sacred fire, sacrifice of tobacco or meat, purification of individuals ceremony, all night dances. Concisely, all the ceremonies were linked to the fire. There was danger of neglecting the ceremonies; they believed the spirit could affect the health and well-being of the individual who disobeyed the ceremonies (Kelley 23). Cherokee nation had towns each under the headship of chiefs and war leaders. There were two kinds of chiefs; white chiefs and war chiefs. The white chiefs were elderly and had a mandate to preserve peace. They were resourceful, experienced, and respected people. They also conducted the spiritual ceremonies and helped in conflict resolution (Wilkins 34). The war chiefs or group of warriors had specialized

Answering the questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Answering the questions - Essay Example t even though the tree is dead from the inside and it will only be a matter of time before the leaves fall out and reveal the real nature of the tree (Brown 234). While Christian doctrine offers pardon from sins through the acceptance of Jesus Christ as our savior, secular humanists believe that humans are basically noble and have no need to ask for forgiveness from anyone for their â€Å"sins†. Thus secular humanists cannot discard their guilt and once a human compiles too much guilt, then overtime he becomes accustomed to these feelings of guilt and the signals from the conscience and has no trouble behaving sinfully and immorally (Brown 233-238). Almost all the aspects of the Christian doctrine comply with humanist world views, the doctrine teaches about respect for fellow human beings, sanctity through the unity of a man & woman, staying truthful, and not doing anything that is sinful in nature according to the Bible. More and Erasmus were some of the greatest preachers of Christian Humanism and were considered exceedingly moral and intelligent. Being close friends, More and Erasmus had high respect for one another, Erasmus even talked about More’s sole being â€Å"purer than snow†. While their outlook and views about Christian humanism were analogous, their methods were different in the sense that More was much more radical than Erasmus. (Hauerwas and Wells 142) The Pope was and is a prominent figure all over the world, and believed to be the foremost religious authority and the most righteous man. So when Martin Luther advertised several gross allegations against the Pope and the Church’s officials in his 95 Theses; this immediately gained popularity, as do many scandals in the present day. (Graham 118-119) In less than 2 weeks, the popularity 95 theses had covered all of Germany and within 60 days the publicity reached all over Europe; mostly through word-of-mouth publicity and the scandalous nature of the texts. (Graham 119) The main reason why

Compare and contrast 2 liberal and 2 realist approaches to counter Essay

Compare and contrast 2 liberal and 2 realist approaches to counter terrorism - Essay Example On the other hand, liberals are of the opinion that terrorism is a menace amongst the many others in the society. Liberalists also argue that terrorism can only be handled by coming up with strategies and institutions that would aid in dealing with terrorism. In the view of the liberalists, through the deployment of intelligence forces, it is possible to combat terrorism,. Liberalists also argue that law enforcement forces are vital in handling terrorism. This paper shall analyze the differences between liberalist and realists approaches on eradication of terrorism. Light will be shed on the realist works by Alex Bellamy and Jason Motlagh and liberalist works by John Mueller and Henry Munson. In Bellamys work, torture is one of the measures that is of the essence to the realists (121). In the event of the devastating September bombing, it became evident that the entire globe is under risk and at the mercies of the terrorists. In this case, torturing and manipulating terrorists has been beneficial in extracting information from them. Apart from the legal and moral constraints, torture has been beneficial in the protection of the US citizens from terror attacks. Bellamy continues to argue that the media can be used to justify this fact by televising the success of torture in acquiring information from terrorists (127). At times, tortures can lead to the death of suspected terrorists. Studies indicate that with the fewer cases of suspects under trial, torture has been embraced as one the most effectual means of combating crime. Motlaghs work is yet another that applies realist approaches in the analysis of assessment. The government of Sri Lanka has been seen to apply the aid of agencies in an attempt to protect its citizens from clashes and calamities (Motlagh 1). This is an interpretation of the fact that this work is more

Time Warner Case Study Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Time Warner Case Study - Research Paper Example Such a situation may progressively lead to market monopoly. It is obvious that a monopolistic market environment may hurt the interests of buyers, suppliers, and new market entrants. Sometimes, mergers adversely affect the feasibility of integrated organizations also if the business becomes too large because of the merger. Under such circumstances, the merger process may cause the firms to incur higher unit costs. Similarly, often huge mergers result in employee termination, which in turn, would contribute to growing unemployment issues. In short, thoughtless mergers would threaten the economic uplift of the country and, therefore, government regulation is essential in a market economy. 2. It is observed that the US government has constantly intervened in the country’s market process over the last decade, especially after the 2008-09 global financial crisis. The US government identified that accounting fraud was the root cause behind a series of corporate failures in the count ry. Hence, nowadays the US government greatly intervenes in the country’s market process on the belief that those restrictions would put a check on illegal and unfair business practices. In addition, the US debt crisis also persuaded regulators to exercise more control over the country’s market process. ... As Perry and Dell (2010) pointed out, investigations discovered that the US bank collapses were partially attributable to inefficient government control over its market operations. Policymakers believe that government intervention in the market process would assist the country to overcome the impacts of debt crisis and, thereby, promote sustainable economic growth. 3. An organization or an industry would face some additional complexities if it needs to expand its business sector by means of capital projects rather than merger strategy. Acquisition strategy is an alternative to merger and this method demands huge amounts of money. If the Time Warner proceeds with the acquisition strategy, the firm would be forced to raise huge capital in order to acquire another firm. In addition, organizational change associated with the acquisition strategy may sometimes raise potential managerial challenges to the organization. New venture expansion is another strategy for self expansion and it req uires the firm to raise abundant potential sources of capital. In case of large venture projects, Time Warner alone cannot fund its operational requirements and, thus, the firm may be forced to depend on debt financing practices. However, such policies would adversely affect the financial viability of the firm and consequently threaten the long-term sustainability of the organization (Debt financing). Furthermore, other capital projects based on self-expansional strategies may raise a series of operational difficulties to the company while entering an overseas market. It has been identified that the level of uncertainty is higher under self-expansion strategies based on capital projects other than merger process. 4. When the industry is confronted with government

Literature review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Literature review - Essay Example In this regard, this book has discussed and analyzed different perspectives of learning that can be implemented in the organizations. One of the major breakthroughs has been the systems thinking that has given a number of opportunities to the organizations to increase their capacity and performance in the marketplace, which has been discussed in this book in a simple manner. The author has been able to introduce and integrate the basic components of systems thinking in this book, which has played a vital and crucial role in the significant performance of an organization. In addition, different principles of indifferences, dimensional analysis, and systems theory with relation to the systems thinking have been included in this abovementioned book. A working concept of systems theory has been developed and discussed in this book. Different methodologies related to the systems thinking have been dealt in this book, which has provided a detailed analysis of the topic to the readers. Different characteristics of socio-cultural systems have also been evaluated in this book. Topics related to the human resource, as well as, organizational development have been showcased in this book. Different practices and theories related to the organizational performance have been displayed by the author. In specific, systems thinking has been given due consideration in this course, as it has been one of the most effective measures for the continued and sustained growth of an organization. The term of systems have been incorporated with the existence of organizations in this book. The author has tried to explain the relationship of organizational performance with the characteristic of a system, which can be very beneficial for an organization. Performance based on the objectives can be facilitated by the provision of instructions based on the systems thinking. Management and Systems thinking have been analyzed and compared

The Four Tops Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Four Tops - Essay Example They signed with Motown records in 1963 (Johnson 2). Even though, the four tops are best remembered for the records they produced at Motown in the Sixties, they also had noteworthy success at such places as Casablanca, ABC, and Arista in the decades that followed. Although the four tops began their career at Motown, they had a considerable prehistory before their arrival at the label Benson and Payton attended Detroit North High School While Fakir and Stubbs attended Pershing High School in the North end of Detroit. They first sang together at a friend’s birthday where they had met the four of them after graduating from high school; they formed the Four Aims in 1954 where they evolved into a versatile night club act. Payton had a talent of arranging harmonies, and he became the group musical director. His Cousin Roquel Davies also became closely affiliated with the group, and he provided management, material and even vocal assistance during the formative years of the group. Th e four tops recorded several classics in Motown, which remains the most outstanding singles during the label’s mid sixties. ... Four Tops made Billboard’s Hot 100 chart 45 times between 1964 and 1988 and fifty two times in R&B chart. Twenty-four of their singles managed the Top forty, and seven of those managed the Top ten. Throughout their career, they sang in close harmony and not even a single voice stood apart from the others. In 1962, the group was approached by Berry Gordy for a deal, but they failed to sign a deal with him since they said they wanted to be sure whether Gordy’s Independent Label would survive. Gordy described the group as very loyal to each other and their vocal blend as phenomenal. However, after two years, they signed a deal with Gordy and their first project was an album of show tunes named Breaking. At this point, the Four Top future seemed uncertain with failed singles on three labels and one unreleased album on a fourth label. Nonetheless, there followed a triumphant union with Holland-Dozier-Holland, which resulted to a hit, â€Å"Baby I Need Your Loving,† im mediately. It was decided that the Four Tops be reshaped from a close harmony group to one with lead vocalist (Levis) while Benson, Fakir and Payton provide background vocals, harmonies, and occasionally co-leads. In addition, it was resolved the need to emphasize Levis’ high range, where his croaky, anguished vocals most expressively communicated the passion of Eddie Holland’s lyrics The Four Tops Led in Mid-1965with ‘I cannot help Myself’ classic spotlighting the group. However, the climax of their work with Holland was ‘Reach Out I’ll Be There’ from its spectacular neoclassical arrangement to Levis thunderous vocal. It was one of their greatest recordings. It remained in the charts for almost four months, and it was their second number one hit (Jones 52). The fruitful union of

GROUPS AND TEAMS IN AN ORGANIZATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

GROUPS AND TEAMS IN AN ORGANIZATION - Essay Example According to Williams Institute, people believed that there are "right" and "wrong" choices. Coincidently, people make different choices with their personal ethical values. Williams Institute attempts to develop a program in which they assist people and guide them in the process of making ethical decisions. Groups and teams play a vital role in making an organization more productive and also it's concerned in the increase of output of the organization. In an organization it's a collection of individual's goal, objectives, efforts and staying united by interacting with each other and staying together until the task will not be accomplished. Sometimes teams or group would be made temporarily by the organization to achieve or accomplish some task or objective and after the completion of that task; those teams or groups are automatically obsolete. Effective team will not achieve any task if the members of the team don't know the strength and weaknesses of each other as well as the organization. If the teams and groups are nor united or share their skills and knowledge with each other while staying in the organization or performing their functions and activities for the organization that would play a negative role in firm's productivity and its success.

History Essay Modernity Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

History Modernity - Essay Example ctives that originates back to the origins for the purposes in a manner that would create objectivity for the purposes of embarking on reduction of feudalism in the region of Western Europe. It has the capabilities of conversion of modern societies for the establishment of the functionalities of modern world for ensuring the concept of globalization for the furtherance with amazing outcomes that is a source of transitional effects of history. The accent of this treatise is to embellish the concept of modernity for the purposes of ensuring an element that would create a philosophy of preponderance for ensuring modern outlook and thoughts as well as inspirations. The transitional phase can be described as a positive thrust for the emancipation of various processes that converge in the formation modernity for the exuberance that would embellish the token of success. In a society there are various processes and forces such as traditionalism, understanding of modernity with a balance between sobriety and style that would broaden the outlook and relevance. This aspect would accentuate a balance between perfection and eliciting the balance in the formation of thoughts for achievement of modernity. It should be appreciated for the development of the society for establishment of a remarkable example that would create various vistas and avenues for being in limelight to become a personality with sound judgment as well as astute thinking on the aspect of modernity. The objective is to follow in certain parts of the society traditionalism without compromising the benefits and achieve the happiness and freedom of modernity without sacrificing the value s and principles. Various schools of thought as well as various pronouncements of theorists that would enable the modern man to embark on a mission that would pave the way for amazing awakening for establishment of modernity. The awakening of thoughts and the process of transformation towards modernity would further accentuate a

Literature review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Literature review - Essay Example In this regard, this book has discussed and analyzed different perspectives of learning that can be implemented in the organizations. One of the major breakthroughs has been the systems thinking that has given a number of opportunities to the organizations to increase their capacity and performance in the marketplace, which has been discussed in this book in a simple manner. The author has been able to introduce and integrate the basic components of systems thinking in this book, which has played a vital and crucial role in the significant performance of an organization. In addition, different principles of indifferences, dimensional analysis, and systems theory with relation to the systems thinking have been included in this abovementioned book. A working concept of systems theory has been developed and discussed in this book. Different methodologies related to the systems thinking have been dealt in this book, which has provided a detailed analysis of the topic to the readers. Different characteristics of socio-cultural systems have also been evaluated in this book. Topics related to the human resource, as well as, organizational development have been showcased in this book. Different practices and theories related to the organizational performance have been displayed by the author. In specific, systems thinking has been given due consideration in this course, as it has been one of the most effective measures for the continued and sustained growth of an organization. The term of systems have been incorporated with the existence of organizations in this book. The author has tried to explain the relationship of organizational performance with the characteristic of a system, which can be very beneficial for an organization. Performance based on the objectives can be facilitated by the provision of instructions based on the systems thinking. Management and Systems thinking have been analyzed and compared

The Four Tops Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Four Tops - Essay Example They signed with Motown records in 1963 (Johnson 2). Even though, the four tops are best remembered for the records they produced at Motown in the Sixties, they also had noteworthy success at such places as Casablanca, ABC, and Arista in the decades that followed. Although the four tops began their career at Motown, they had a considerable prehistory before their arrival at the label Benson and Payton attended Detroit North High School While Fakir and Stubbs attended Pershing High School in the North end of Detroit. They first sang together at a friend’s birthday where they had met the four of them after graduating from high school; they formed the Four Aims in 1954 where they evolved into a versatile night club act. Payton had a talent of arranging harmonies, and he became the group musical director. His Cousin Roquel Davies also became closely affiliated with the group, and he provided management, material and even vocal assistance during the formative years of the group. Th e four tops recorded several classics in Motown, which remains the most outstanding singles during the label’s mid sixties. ... Four Tops made Billboard’s Hot 100 chart 45 times between 1964 and 1988 and fifty two times in R&B chart. Twenty-four of their singles managed the Top forty, and seven of those managed the Top ten. Throughout their career, they sang in close harmony and not even a single voice stood apart from the others. In 1962, the group was approached by Berry Gordy for a deal, but they failed to sign a deal with him since they said they wanted to be sure whether Gordy’s Independent Label would survive. Gordy described the group as very loyal to each other and their vocal blend as phenomenal. However, after two years, they signed a deal with Gordy and their first project was an album of show tunes named Breaking. At this point, the Four Top future seemed uncertain with failed singles on three labels and one unreleased album on a fourth label. Nonetheless, there followed a triumphant union with Holland-Dozier-Holland, which resulted to a hit, â€Å"Baby I Need Your Loving,† im mediately. It was decided that the Four Tops be reshaped from a close harmony group to one with lead vocalist (Levis) while Benson, Fakir and Payton provide background vocals, harmonies, and occasionally co-leads. In addition, it was resolved the need to emphasize Levis’ high range, where his croaky, anguished vocals most expressively communicated the passion of Eddie Holland’s lyrics The Four Tops Led in Mid-1965with ‘I cannot help Myself’ classic spotlighting the group. However, the climax of their work with Holland was ‘Reach Out I’ll Be There’ from its spectacular neoclassical arrangement to Levis thunderous vocal. It was one of their greatest recordings. It remained in the charts for almost four months, and it was their second number one hit (Jones 52). The fruitful union of

Strategic management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Strategic management - Essay Example New York Times has identified that Zara has the capacity to replenish stocks twice a week (Lutz, 2012). What Zara Really Do Zara has crafted their value chain in a demand flexible manner with an intention of enhancing forward and backward integration in the operation (Lancaster and Massingham, 2010, p. 195). The company has implemented integration in various value chain activities such as managing lead time, stock replenishment, incorporating latest fashion in designing and raw material tracking with an intention of achieving sustainable business growth. The company has decreased steps of value chain in order to decrease total turnaround times. More than two hundreds fashion professionals supervise the product designing phase in order to offer customer superior quality cloths and decrease probability of getting outdated in contrast to latest fashion trend. Zara emphasizes on establishing stable relationship with value chain partners in order to decrease lead time in product offering. The company has decreased turnaround time to only 14 days with the help of superior synchronization between forward and back integration. Zara offers fashion apparels for three types of customers such as men, women and children. Currently the company is offering products in more than five hundred cities across the world. External Analysis PESTLE Zara is a Spanish company hence it will be viable to do macro environmental analysis of the company in their home ground. The report will conduct PESTLE analysis of Spain in order to understand strategic position of Zara. Political PP is running the government of the country and public has rejected for ruling party PSOE in last year election. The country is suffering from various problems like high unemployment rate, high public debt and low GDP growth. Spanish government has implemented austerity measures of â‚ ¬65bn in order to reduce the financial deficit to 3% within next two years. Zara is facing a financial tumultuous period in hom e ground hence it will be interesting to see effect of austerity measure in their business. Spanish government structure can be understood by the following diagram. (Source: Market Line, 2012a) Economic Research conducted by Marketline shows that annual GDP growth of Spain will be reduced by 1.07% within next one year and other factors like retail sales, domestic consumption and industry output will be decreased by more than 3.5% within next one year. Economic recession has triggered the unemployment rate of the country to 20 year high 24.4%. All these factors are indicating that Zara will face a demand crunch in the home country. Stagnant GDP growth rate of the country can be explained by the following diagram. (Source: Market Line, 2012a) UNCTAD or United Nations Conference on Trade and Development has pointed out that FDI in Spain has decreased from $40.8 to $29.5bn in last two years. Dwindling FDI condition of the country can be understood by the following diagram. (Source: Mark et Line, 2012a) The country is suffering from increasing inflation rate which is hampering overall growth rate. Fluctuating nature of inflation can be analysed in the following manner. (Source: Market Line, 2012a) Staggering unemployment rate of Spain can be explained by the following diagram. (Source: Market Line, 2012a) Social Government has reformed the existing pension scheme and which can increase savings 3.5% of GDP by 2050. Spanish labour market reform will provide flexibility and competitiveness to retailers

Passage Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Passage Analysis - Essay Example Poe then allows the reader to imagine what the rest of the "evidence" is on "her emaciated frame". It is as if the reader is seeing her for the first time along with the characters. She is just a "frame" rather than a body, seeming more dead than alive and more terrible in her aspect because of it. The use of the verbs "trembling" and "reeling" evokes the physicality of her precarious predicament, again making the reader actually see the woman with his/her mind's eye as they are reading. The sentence structure here copies the moment of suspense that the characters are going through. The ",then," reflects the uncertainty as to what is about to happen for the narrator. Will she fall outwards or inwards or will she stay trembling, caught between the two The rest of the sentence answers this question. A first year English student might be accused of writing a "run-on" sentence if she handed this in, proving that the 'rules' of grammar are in fact merely conventions that can and should be broken when needed. As the woman is in her final "death-agonies" it is her brother who is taken "to the floor a corpse". Poe brilliantly evokes the terror and suddenness with which the brother dies.